Introduction Concrete is a cornerstone of modern construction, yet it is not without its vulnerabilities. Cracks can compromise the structural integrity of concrete, leading to reinforcement corrosion and material degradation. The emergence of self-healing concrete (SHC) offers a ground-breaking solution to these issues, minimizing the need for extensive crack detection and repairs, ultimately enhancing the durability and longevity of concrete structures. While some cracks in concrete structures are benign or even intentional, unintentional cracks—especially in steel-reinforced elements—can escalate corrosion risks and lead to serious deterioration. Traditional concrete can heal itself to some extent through autogenous healing when exposed to water. This process occurs as dehydrated cement particles react with water, prompting additional hydration. However, recent innovations have introduced more advanced methods to enhance the self-healing capabilities of concrete. Innovat...