ABSTRACT: Vertical farming is an innovative approach to agriculture that combines modern engineering with traditional crop production methods. Designed for urban areas and environments with limited arable land, vertical farming systems grow crops in vertically stacked layers within controlled environments, typically using soilless methods like hydroponics, aeroponics, or aquaponics. This approach maximizes space utilization, minimizes water usage, and enables year-round production. Controlled agricultural engineering further enhances the efficiency of vertical farming through precise regulation of environmental factors such as lighting, temperature, humidity, and nutrient supply. This study examines the fundamentals, innovations, advantages, difficulties, and prospective applications of vertical farming, emphasizing how it may support food security and sustainable urban agriculture. Ad...