ABSTRACT Thermal cracking is a common defect in welded structures, especially in layer cast welding. They are formed by the rapid heating and cooling processes that occur during welding, resulting in high thermal stresses. DEPOSITION OF WELDING In layer deposition welding, multiple layers of weld material are deposited, resulting in complex geometries. This process is usually thermal cracking due to repeated heating and cooling. Thermal cracking in layer deposit welding usually occurs in the heat affected zone (HAZ), where the material undergoes microstructural changes as a result of the welding process. WELD IRON EXPLODATION Cavity like cracks: Pit cracks can occur when welding is disturbed. These fissures are usually star-shaped and continue only to the edge of the crater. Such cracks are also called Paw Cracks because of their bird-four shape. linear weld metal crack:These are the crack usually runs along the weld and looks like a pit. HOT CRAC...