INTRODUCTION : DNA molecular storage is an innovative and rapidly developing field that leverages the unique properties of DNA to store and retrieve data. This approach to data storage is based on encoding digital information into the sequences of nucleotides in DNA molecules. 1. Basic Principles DNA Structure: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule composed of two long chains (strands) forming a double helix structure. Each strand is made up of a backbone of sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups, with four nitrogenous bases: adenine(A),cytosine(C),guanine(G),and thymine(T). WRITING DATA: Scientists create synthetic DNA with the specific sequence that represents the data, that data can be accessed only by the Digital data is typically encoded into DNA sequences using a binary system (0s and 1s). For example, a binary digit (bit) can be mapped to a DNA base: A=00, C=01, G=10, T=11. By converting binary data into these sequences, d...