DEVELOPMENT OF PAPER PULP FROM SISAL, BANANA FIBER WITH RICE STRAW

 ABSTRACT:

The growing demand for sustainable and biodegradable alternatives to conventional wood based paper has led to the exploration of agricultural residues and natural fibers for pulp production. This project focuses on the development of paper pulp using a sisal fiber, banana fiber and rice straw three abundant and renewable bio resources. This study involves the extraction of fiber through suitable pulping techniques such as chemical or mechanical processes, followed by blending in various proportions to form pulp sheets. The prepared paper samples are evaluated for their physical properties including strength, texture and durability.

INTRODUCTION:

Paper production traditionally relies heavily on wood as the primary raw material. However, overexploitation of forests has led to deforestation, loss of biodiversity and environmental imbalance. To address these issues, researchers and industries are exploring alternative sources of cellulose fibers such as sisal, banana fibers and rice straw. These agricultural residues are renewable, biodegradable and abundantly available.

Using non-wood fibers in pulp and paper manufacturing not only reduces the dependency on forest resources but also provides an eco-friendly solution for waste utilization, contributing to sustainable development.

COMPONENTS:

1. Sisal Fiber – Extracted from agave leaves, rich in cellulose and strong fiber, used to enhance the durability and tensile strength of the paper

2. Banana Fiber – Obtained from banana plant pseudostems, lightweight and flexible, improves the smoothness and flexibility of paper sheets

3. Rice Straw – An agricultural residue with moderate cellulose and silica, provides bulk and cost-effectiveness while reducing farm waste

4. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) – A pulping chemical that breaks down lignin and hemicellulose, helping to separate cellulose fibers

5. Cutting – Used for chopping raw materials and cooking them in chemical solution to produce pulp

6. Beater/Refiner – Mechanical equipment that treats fibers to improve bonding, making the paper stronger and uniform

7. Paper Mould, Press and Drying Unit – Essential for sheet formation, pressing and drying converting pulp into finished paper sheets

WORKING

 

SAMPLE 1                                            SAMPLE 2

The process of developing paper pulp from sisal, banana fiber and rice straw begins with the collection and pre-treatment of raw materials, where the fibers are cleaned, cut into small pieces and dried to remove dust and impurities. The prepared raw materials are then subjected to chemical pulping, in which they are cooked in a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution under controlled heat. This treatment helps break down lignin and hemicellulose, thereby releasing the

cellulose fibers needed for paper making. After pulping, the mixture is thoroughly washed and screened to eliminate residual chemicals and unwanted particles. If higher brightness is desired, the pulp is treated with hydrogen peroxide bleaching, which enhances whiteness in an eco-friendly manner. The cleaned pulp is then processed in a refining or beating unit, where fibers are mechanically treated to improve their bonding properties and strength. The refined pulp slurry is poured into a paper mould with a deckle, where water drains out and thin sheets of pulp are formed. These sheets are subsequently pressed to remove excess water and compact the fibers, followed by drying either under sunlight or in a controlled oven. Finally, smooth and durable paper sheets are obtained, ready for various applications

FUTURE SCOPE

• Development of industrial-scale processes to commercialize eco-friendly paper

• Replacement of plastic packaging with biodegradable paper products

• Optimization of pulping techniques using enzymatic or bio-pulping methods to reduce chemical usage

• Production of value-added products such as filter paper, handmade craft paper, and specialty packaging

• Enhancing paper properties through nano-cellulose reinforcement

• Promotion of zero-waste circular economy by utilizing agricultural-residues

APPLICATION

1. Handmade and Specialty Paper – Used for producing eco-friendly handmade paper, craft paper, invitation cards and decorative sheets.

2. Educational and Office Stationery – Can be made into notebooks, writing pads, files and other educational materials.

3. Eco-packaging Solutions – Suitable for wrapping paper, paper bags and carton liners for sustainable packaging.

4. Disposable and Household Products – Used in making paper plates, cups, seed pots and trays as a biodegradable option.

5. Agricultural and Industrial Uses – Can be utilized for mulching sheets, seed germination paper and filter paper in industries.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the development of paper pulp from sisal, banana fiber and rice straw demonstrates a sustainable alternative to wood-based paper production. This approach not only conserves forests but also adds value to agricultural residues that are otherwise discarded or burned. The process is environmentally friendly, cost-effective and supports the principles of a circular economy. With further technological improvements, such non-wood paper pulp production has the potential to replace conventional methods and contribute significantly to sustainable development goals.

Author Bios:

1. R. Kavinila - Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology, Trichy.

2. M.Yazhini - UG Students, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology, Trichy

3. V.Malini - UG Students, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology, Trichy