SLEEPERS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

INTRODUCTION:

Sleepers are laid transverse to the rails on which the rails are supported and fixed. They transfer the loads from rails to the ballast and subgrade below.

FUNCTIONS OF SLEEPERS:

· Holds the rails to maintain correct gauge.

· Holds the rails in proper level or transverse tilt.

· Distribute the load from the rails to ballast.

· Provides longitudinal and lateral stability.

· Provides means to rectify track geometry during service life.

REQUIREMENTS OF SLEEPERS:

v It’s is Economical.

v It’s Moderate weight.

CLASSIFICATION OF SLEEPERS:

v Wooden Sleepers

v Metal Sleepers

ü Cast Iron Sleepers

ü Steel Sleepers

v Concrete Sleepers

ü Reinforced concrete sleepers

ü Prestressed concrete sleepers

WOODEN SLEEPERS:

v It’s required for an ideal sleeper

v The sleeper is depend upon their ability to resist the wear,decay,attack by vermin

v The quality of timber is used in the sleeper

METAL SLEEPERS :

CAST IRON SLEEPERS:

In the cast iron sleepers there are five types:

· Plot or bowl sleeper

· Plate sleeper

· Box sleeper

· CST-9 Sleeper

· Rail free duplex sleeper

PLOT OR BOWL SLEEPER:

v They consist of two bowls or plots and placed in the ballast

ü The Bearing area is 0.232sq.m under each rail support

PLATE SLEEPER

ü It’s consists of rectangular plates about 86.5cm side is parallel to the rails

ü The position of plate is held in tie bars

BOX SLEEPER

Ø Out of use these days

CST-9 SLEEPER

Ø The weight of broad gauge tracks consists of 230kg

It’s is easily assembled and dismantled

v SLATE SLEEPERS:

ü These are inverted in channel folded ends

REQUIREMENTS:

· Should maintain perfect gauge

· Should have sufficient bearing area

SLEEPERS ADVANTAGES:

· Easily available

· In design the fitting are very simple

· Economical.

SLEEPERS DISADVANTAGES:

ü Alignment maintenance are very difficult

ü Maintenance cost is very high

ü Track is easily disturbed

v DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:

Material Selection:

Sleepers should be in the environment and load condition

Spacing :

It’s is efficient and load distribution and stability

Size and shape :

Sleepers in the rail ballast depth

INNOVATIONS IN SLEEPERS:

v Advanced materials:

Fiber reinforced polymers and recycled plastics

Improved designs:

Shapes are in better performance

v POINT IN SLEEPERS ARE OFTEN USED IN:

1. Rail track turnouts

2. Crossings

3. Junctions

4. Bridge approaches

CONCLUSION:

Ø Sleepers ensure the stability, safety and durability of infrastructure about proper design.

Ø Rail track stability and smoothness

Ø Load distribution and transfer

Ø Prevention of settlement and erosion

Ø Extension of infrastructure lifespan

Sleepers are a fundamental component of civil engineering projects, requiring, careful consideration and ensure optimal performance and safety.

Author Bios:

Mr. D. Dhavashankaran, AP/Civil

Dr. N. Sridhar, AP/Civil

S. Sri Dhatchayini, III Year / Civil

S. Vinothini, III Year / Civil

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