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DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF WHEEL OPERATED SPRAYER

 

ABSTRACT

    This paper presents the design and development of a wheel-operated sprayer tailored for agricultural use. The sprayer integrates ergonomic design principles with efficient spraying technology to enhance ease of use and productivity in farm operations. Key features include a robust frame mounted on a wheelbase for mobility, a user-friendly control interface and adjustable spraying parameters for various crops and terrains. Additionally, the sprayer incorporates environmental friendly practices through precise chemical application, minimizing wastage. Field tests demonstrate its effectiveness in improving spraying efficiency while reducing operator fatigue, making it a valuable asset for modern agricultural practices.
    In this project, We executed the IoT for rotating the nozzle for 180 degree using servomotor. Servomotor is used to control the direction of nozzle. We control the servomotor through Potentiometer.

1. INTRODUCTION

    Indian agriculture is undergoing a gradual shift from dependence on human power and draft animal power to mechanical power because maintenance of draft animal power and manual labour is becoming increasingly costly. Hence mechanical power has become more economical and indispensable to meet targets of timeliness and efficient utilization of natural resources and input use . Pests, insects and diseases are disastrous to the crops since origin of agriculture. Plant protection equipment plays a significant role in agricultural field to the productivity of a several crops. Agricultural pests, which include organisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects, mites, nematodes, weeds and grain-eating birds, that live on and/or compete with plants determine, to a varying degree, if crops can be grown economically in certain situations. Usually agricultural pests inflict considerable damage to crops and represent a significant production constraint. Effective plant protection thus becomes essential to minimize the losses caused and to ensure that full benefit is drawn from other production inputs. Different methods are used to control these pests and insects but most effective and reliable method to control these is chemical application. In recent decades increased use of chemical caused hazardous condition related to due to increase in public concerns about the impacts of agricultural production practices on the environment to have a safe and secure environment for living. So, agricultural community is forced to invest huge amount of money in the area of controlled chemical applications.

OBJECTIVES

  • To design and develop an user-friendly wheel sprayer.
  • To create user comfort nozzle during operation.

2. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY

    The proposed system for a wheel-operated sprayer integrates a sprayer, hoses, and nozzles onto a wheeled frame. As the operator pushes the system forward, the wheels drive a mechanical linkage connected to the pump, creating pressure in the tank. This pressure forces water through the hoses to the nozzles, where it's sprayed onto crops or surfaces. The system's design ensures easy to move into different position and efficient spraying coverage, making it suitable for agricultural use in fields. Additionally, it could feature adjustable nozzle settings for different spraying needs fulfilled by integrated IoT.

METHODOLOGY:

WORKING PRINCIPLE

    The main frame, spray tank, pump/prime mover, traction wheel, boom, nozzles, and flexible rubber hose are the main components of the sprayer prototype. The spray tank, pump integration, and a three-meter-long boom assembly with one nozzle are all carried by the main frame, which is fixed on an axle shaft with a single traction wheel. Flexible plastic is distributed by the boom that is attached to the spray tank. The front end of the main frame is where the boom frame is bolted. An offset slider-crank mechanism drives the pump by transferring power from the ground wheel via a chain and sprocket transmission. The operator simply positions the boom horizontally and presses the sprayer into the crop rows during the operation.

FABRICATION WORK

    Lot of fabrication work need to be applied to make sure the project done well and satisfying. The main adhesive agent that has been used are welding, which is MIG welding. Metal inert gas or known as MIG is widely used by fabrication industries. The main reason why MIG is applied to the project is because it is an easy welding process compared to others. Other than that, MIG also produce a good weld surface and clean. 

Fabrication work

FINAL PROJECT SETUP :

Project Setup

DESCRIPTION

    In this project, the frame is connected with the wheel. The sprayer is set at the top of the frame. When the handle is connected with crank .Then the power transmission unit is used to transmit the power to sprayer. The nozzle is attached to the servo motor. In Arduino board we will connect the servo motor and potentiometer. The servo motor is controlled by potentiometer.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Circuit Diagram

ARDUINO UNO CODE

Arduino UNO Code

PROCESSING PROGRAM

Processing program

SOURCE CODE

#include < Servo.h > Servo myservo;
int potpin = 0; int val;
void setup()
{
myservo.attach(9);
}
void loop()
{
val = analogRead(potpin);
val = map(val, 0, 1023, 0, 180); myservo.write(val);
delay(15);
}

3. DESIGN CALCULATION

Design of frame :

Length of frame = Centre distance between two sprocket + width of tank + excess
                             = 230+440+570
                             =1200mm
Height of frame = 20 mm Width of frame = 240mm

Selection of wheel :

            Feet = 38cm
            Line covered by one rotation of wheel = 4
                                                                38 *4 =152cm
                                                                    152 =2r
                                                                        r =152/2
                                                                        r =25cm 
                                            Diameter of wheel = 50 cm

Selection of sprocket:

                    1/3 = tp/tg 
                    1/3 = 18/tg 
                      tg = 18*3 
                      tg = 54
                  tp/tg = Dg/Dp 
                    3/1 = Dg/72.5
    Pitch = number of teeth pinion / pitch circle diameter of pinion
              = 18/72.5
              =0.25mm

Selection of chain length:

                Chain type roller ISO chain no.05B 
                Pitch =0.25mm
                Length of chain = KP
                No. of chain , K = ((t1+t2)/2)+(2x/p)+((t2-t1)/2π)^2 *(p/x)
                                           = ((40+18)/2)+(2*479/0.25)+((40- 18)/2π)^2*(25/479)
                                           = 29+3824+0.639
                                           = 3853mm 
                                        L = K*P
                                           = 3853 * 0.25
                                           = 963mm
                                         L= 96.3 cm

4. CONCLUSION

    The wheel operated sprayer is easy to operate due to cycle wheel as its ground wheel and then developed wheel operated sprayer used for line sown upland crops and vegetable crops, as row spacing can be adjusted. As far as physiological aspect is concern it is light in weight and its handle height and angle of operation can be easily used farmers. The nozzle is adjusted as per operator requirement.

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

    The project scope for a wheel sprayer involves several stages to ensure its effectiveness and usability in agricultural settings. Initially, it encompasses defining the requirements, considering factors such as the types of liquids to be sprayed, the size of the area to cover, and the terrain conditions. Fabrication involves the actual construction of the sprayer, including assembling the wheels and integrating the necessary components for operation. Testing is then conducted to assess the sprayer's performance, durability, and safety under various environmental conditions and usage process. Finally, implementation involves deploying the sprayer in agricultural fields or gardens, providing user training, and establishing maintenance protocols to ensure its continued functionality. Throughout each stage, the project scope aims to deliver a reliable and efficient wheel sprayer that meets the needs of farmers and enhances productivity in crop management.

Author Bios :

1. S.Satheeshkumar - Assistant professor, Kongunadu college of Engineering and technology, thottiam, trichy 
2. M.Prabhu - Assistant professor, Kongunadu college of Engineering and technology, thottiam, trichy
3. S.Kaviya - UG student, Kongunadu college of engineering and technology, thottiam, trichy
4. S.Sathyapriya - UG student, Kongunadu college of engineering and technology, thottiam, trichy




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